A company produces 500 units at a variable cost of $200 per unit. The price is $250 per unit and there are fixed expenses of $12,000 per month. For this question, calculate Break-even point in terms of both units and sales. Also, show the profit at 90% capacity. (i) BEP (units) = Fixed Expenses / C = ($542,000 + $252,000) / 6 = 792,000 / 6 = 132,000 units BEP (Sales) = 132,000 x 20 = $2640,000 (ii) Sales for examining profit = $60,000 BEP (units) = (Fixed Exp. + Desired Profit) / C = (792,000 + 60,000) / 6 = 852,000 / 6 = 142,000 units BEP Sales = 142,000 x 20 = $2,840,000 For a company, sales are $80,000, variable costs are $4,000, and fixed costs are $4,000. Calculate the following: (i) PVR, (ii) BEP (Sales), (iii) Margin of Safety, and (iv) Profit. (i) PVR = (C / $) x 100 = (4,000 x 100) / 8,000 = 50% C = 8,000 - (4,000) = $4,000 (ii) BEP (Sales) = Fixed Cost / PVR = (4,000 x 100) / 50 = $8,000 (iii) MOS = Actual Sales - BEP Sales = 8,000 - 8,000 = Nil OR MOS = Profit / PVR = 0 / 8,000 = Nil (iv) Profit = Sales - Variable Cost - Fixed Cost = 8,000 - 4,000 - 4,000 = Nil From the following information, find out PVR and sales at BEP. What should the new selling price be if BEP for units is reduced to 6,000 units? PVR = (C x 100) / S Thus, = ((20 - 15) x 100) / 20 PVR = 25% BEP (Sales) = Fixed expenses / PVR = (54,000 x 100) / 25 = $216,000 (iii) New selling price if BEP is brought down to 6,000 units: New SP = (Fixed Exp. + Variable Cost ) / New BEP (units) = (54,000 + 15) / 6,000 = $24 Calculate (i) PVR, (ii) BEP, and (iii) Margin of Safety based on the following information: (i) PVR = (C x 100) / S C = Sales - Variable Cost 100,000 - 60,000 = 40,000 Variable cost = Sales - Profit - Fixed Cost (100,000 - 20,000 - 20,000) = 60,000 Thus, PVR = (C / S) x 100 = (40,000 / 100,000) x 100 = 40% (ii) BEP = Fixed Exp. / PVR = 20,000 / 40% = (20,000 x 100) / 40 = $50,000 (iii) Margin of Safety = Present Sales - Break-Even Sales = 1,00,000 - 50,000 = 50,000 Profitability = (40 x 50,000) / 100 = $20,000 The National Company has just been formed. They have a patented process that will make them the sole suppliers of Product A. During the first year, the capacity of their plant will be 9,000 units, and this is the amount they will be able to sell. Their costs are: There are two parts to this question: (a) If the company aims to make a profit of $210,000 for the first year, what should the selling price be? What is the contribution margin at this price? (b) If, at the end of first year, the company aims to increase its volume, how many units will they have to sell to realize a profit of $760,000 given the following conditions? (a) Calculation of selling price Direct labor (9,000 x 15) = $135,000 Raw materials (9,000 x 5) = $45,000 Other variable costs (9,000 x 10) = $90,000 Total variable costs (PU 30) = 270,000 Add: Fixed Cost = 240,000 Profit = 210,000 Total sales value of 9,000 units @ $80 per unit = 720,000 (b) Sales in units (Fixed expenses + Desired profit) / (Sales - Variable cost) Thus, Fixed Expenses = 2,40,000 (given) + 1,00,000 (extra) + 50,000 (advertisement cost) = 840,000 + Desired Profit (760,000) = $1,600,000 = 1,600,000 / (70 - 30) = 40,000 unitsQuestion 1
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Marginal Costing: Practical Questions and Solutions FAQs
It is the costing technique that calculates the costs of each unit produced.
It is useful in decision making as it provides accurate data for decisions on whether to make or buy a product, whether to shut down or continue production, at what level to produce, etc. This information helps management make better decisions.
The marginal cost per unit = change in total cost/change in units
The advantages of marginal costing include its ability to help managers make informed decisions about pricing, production levels, and other strategic decisions. It can also help improve profitability by identifying and eliminating waste and inefficiencies in production.
Marginal costing can be used in decision-making in a number of ways. For example, it can help managers decide whether to produce additional units of a product, how much to charge for a product, and where to allocate resources.
True Tamplin is a published author, public speaker, CEO of UpDigital, and founder of Finance Strategists.
True is a Certified Educator in Personal Finance (CEPF®), author of The Handy Financial Ratios Guide, a member of the Society for Advancing Business Editing and Writing, contributes to his financial education site, Finance Strategists, and has spoken to various financial communities such as the CFA Institute, as well as university students like his Alma mater, Biola University, where he received a bachelor of science in business and data analytics.
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